This really is another downside associated with having referendums in the UK as arrters may lose interest in politics. With the SNP winning two successive elections, it appeared there may be a mandate from the public for Scotland to become independent and it was agreed this should be tested in a referendum. On Thursday 23 June 2016 a referendum was held in order to come to a decision if the UK should remain a member of EU and more than 30 million people have voted. Vernon Bogdanor argues that just as joining the EU fundamentally altered the UK constitution, so Brexit could, by exposing the very nakedness of Britain's uncodified . Advantages and disadvantages of the referendum instrument, Electoral Systems, Institutional Framework & Governance, Making Elections Accessible and Meaningful, Facilitating Stable and Efficient Government, Holding Individual Representatives Accountable, Promoting Legislative Opposition and Oversight, Making the Election Process Workable and Sustainable, Taking into Account 'International Standards'. Ill-informed decisions - the general public are less informed than elected politicians, and have no political experience. Referendums are overall a good tool for democracy, as they make constitutional decisions more legitimate and provide a check on government power, however they are vulnerable to ill-informed votes and may be an inadequate method of approving constitutional changes that will have a very large impact. For fear of recall, they will hesitate to do any undesirable thing. Retrieved from http://studymoose.com/describe-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-referendums-essay. However, when it became obvious that we simply wouldnt join a government at all without a commitment to a referendum on voting reform, their appetite for power outweighed (rightly, as it turned out) their fear of losing power . A referendum is a vote provided to the general public which is determined by the federal government, and is used to help answer a crucial political or constitutional concern to which the public need to vote a simple yes or no. For example, the Westminster Government under Boris Johnson have pledged to prevent a Second Scottish Independence Referendum despite the widespread support for SNP. The first UK-wide referendum was held in __1975 __on the United Kingdoms continued membership of the European Community (European Union). Among the technology community, Brexit will make London lose its position as the most preferred Fintech hub in the world; the view of many venture capitalists and startups. Disadvantages of referendums in regards to constitutional changes. The relationship between the executive and Parliament, The Powers of the Prime Minister and Cabinet to Dictate Events and Determine Policy, The Influence of the Supreme Court on the Executive, The Comparative Powers of the Commons and Lords. It creates considerable constitutional uncertainty, but also an opportunity. Arguably, this makes the UK more democratic as the general public have a direct say on the decisions that the government makes and although they are not lawfully binding, they successfully require the federal government and parliament to adhere to the publics outcome. (25 Marks) A referendum (sometimes referred to as a plebiscite). A good example of this is the referendum on the Good Friday Agreement that ended the Troubles on Northern Ireland and set up the power-sharing agreement between nationalist and republican communities. Brexit is the abbreviation of "Britain Exit," which refers to the decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union. A referendum is a vote given to the public which is determined by the government, and is used to help answer an important political or constitutional question to which the public must vote a simple 'yes' or 'no'. A really good example of this is the Alternative Vote Referendum in 2011. However, realistically most are politically binding. Representative Democracy Democracy in which power over decision making is given to elected representatives. An example of a one being used for this function is the 1998 referendum which was utilized to identify whether Blair and the Labour Party should devolve power to Scotland, Wales, and . However, referendums give control over often extremely complex moral and political issues to voters. Do the advantages of referendums outweigh the disadvantages? Depending on the precise rules adopted, referendums and initiatives To install StudyMoose App tap The strategy failed. Brexit is now a moral issue, and the next few weeks will test our moral resolve. The referendum, as an instrument of political decision-making, has been the source of much consternation in 2016. Plebiscite A plebiscite is an advisory referendum. (10 Apr 2012), Paramount chieftaincy as a system of local government Politicians spend time becoming expert about political issues. We address the challenges facing society and the economy, from shedding light on the refugee crisis, to character education in schools, through to developing leaders in the NHS. PolitiFact | Whats missing from media claims linking Google Trends to Brexit vote, Prime Ministers Questions Highlights 12.10.2022, Whether Britain should remain or leave the EU, 55.3% of voters chose to remain in the UK, Whether the Alternative Vote should replace First Past the Post for UK General Elections, 67.9% of voters chose to retain First Past the Post, Welsh Assembly Legislative Powers Referendum, Whether the Welsh Assembly should be given more legislative powers, 63.5% of voters chose to increase the legislative powers of the Welsh Assembly, Whether the North-East of England should have its own devolved assembly, 77.9% of voters chose to reject the establishment of a North-East Assembly, Whether the Good Friday agreement should be ratified, 71.1% of voters chose to ratify the Good Friday Agreement, Whether devolution should be granted to Greater London, 72% of of voters chose to establish a devolved system for London, Whether devolution should be introduced to Wales, 50.3% of voters chose to devolve powers to Wales, Whether devolution should be introduced to Scotland, 74.3% of voters chose to devolve players to Scotland, 79.7% of voters chose to reject devolution to Wales, 51.6% of voters chose to devolve powers to Scotland. Referendums are the purest form of democracy as it is entirely up to the people to decide. Constitutional issues are a reserved, not devolved, power. Second, in the cases of difficult negotiations over a peace settlement in societies afflicted by years of civil conflict, the prospect of a popular vote on the final deal concentrates the minds of those negotiating on coming up proposals that can be politically sustained. On one hand, you have SEO's more organic approach, where you gradually cultivate an audience, strengthen trust, and build your brand awareness. In this referendum 16-year-olds could vote. Referendums are a direct vote by citizens on a political issue. Lesson Objectives To understand what a referendum is To examine case studies of referendums To analyse the advantages and disadvantages of referendums 3. This is because electors lack the expertise to vote on complicated issues like Brexit. Advantages. There are a number of potential strengths of holding referendums within the UK political system: It can be argued that referendums provide a check on the power of the government in the UK, something that is often referred to as the elective dictatorship. Therefore, for an official referendum to be held, the Westminster Parliament have to agree to it. Investigating any wrongdoing relating to the referendum. Referendum campaigns engage national publics, often passive and sometimes actively excluded, in the business of political debate and decision-making. Referendums are an example of direct democracy, whereas elections are a form of representative democracy. What are the Mechanisms for Reform and Amendment? The EU referendum result led to the resignation of the Prime Minister David Cameron, the election of Theresa May as Conservative leader, and the instillation of, in effect, a new government. Direct Democracy Democracy in which power over decision making is but directly in the hands of citizens. Responsive government - referendums make governments more responsive between elections by forcing them to listen to public opinion, and allow public opinion to be expressed on a particular issue, which cannot be done during elections. There are three primary reasons why one might consider referendums a good idea. In fact, research done by the Guardian Newspaper found a 4% difference in voting intention based on the alternative wording of the questions a very significant swing! Some did so, others could not. This makes them especially vulnerable to producing decisions based on false information and/or unrealistic beliefs about what alternatives are possible - often stoked by opportunistic actors within the political system. Advantages. The European Union has spent much of their time bringing the country along, often reluctantly . The pound depreciation as an aftereffect of Brexit. referendums. A London School of Economics and Political Science report examining the financial impact of Brexit, trade and Scottish independence found that "the costs of independence to the Scottish economy . by The UK EU . The contribute demonstrate in eleven main reasons why the turnout requirement should be abolished: the vote should be free and decisive, meaning that citizens who participate in a referendum . Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. The referendum was a rare example of direct, or participatory, democracy in the UK. This is unlike an unwritten constitution because a written constitution is contained in one single document. There are three reasons for this. This is the idea that minority interests are swamped by the power of the democratic majority. The Term Brexit was coined for the process of the UK leaving the European Union followed by the different advantages and disadvantages of it to the country. Now we have Britain's rejection of the EU. On June 23 rd, referendum was announced from European Union.It was perhaps a better decision at state level that why would their country be . In conclusion, there are various disadvantages and advantages to discuss when looking at referendums in the UK. Executives and legislatures, in their bid to out do the other, have utilized the referendum to secure their political goals. This led MPs into conflict with their own constituencies and having to deliver on a mandate they had been given that they didnt agree with. 2. Devolution in Scotland and Wales was presented in 1998 as the bulk of the general public voted yes in regards to wanting more power. Political pressure. R. eferendums trivialise highly complex issues by oversimplifying them into a ' yes ' / ' no ' vote. A good example of a post-legislative referendum was the AV Referendum where a bill had been written and agreed and the referendum was the final stage in the process. The referendum increased participation, with a turnout of 72%. Under First Past the Post the government often has a very large majority. Possible Constraints on a Prime Ministers Power. It was right for us to have our say on that deal, and on our membership more broadly. (28 May 2019), "Head of list" election model The issue realistically has to be broken into a binary question. -gives more legitimacy that just a simple act of parliament. View Do the advantages of referendums outweigh the disadvantages from MC 527 at Jackson State University. There is also an argument that governments . Referendums allow the people to participate in politics. In a referendum the voice of every voter counts equally. For example, David Cameron called the 2016 Referendum to deal with the electoral threat of UKIP whilst Tony Blair did not call a referendum on the Lisbon Treaty, despite indicating he would do so. This infers that they can help to entrench constitutional change in a system which has an uncodified, flexible constitution and enables the public to shape the path in which Britain is heading. They are an example of direct democracy and contrast with the representative democracy that usually dominates politics in liberal democracies. This can mean large portions of the electorate feel dismissed. Indeed, the average majority since 1945 has been 58.4 seats. . PLEASE NOTE: We are currently in the process of updating this chapter and we appreciate your patience whilst this is being completed. In the UK holding a referendum has to be legislated for by the Westminster Parliament. Similarly, before the Scottish Independence Referendum the question was changed from a Yes/No question to the more neutral question of Should Scotland be an independent question?. Supporters of the use of referendums argue that, in the context of increasing voter apathy and disenchantment with traditional forms of democracy, direct democracy can help to re-engage voters with politics and democracy. Referendums have to reduce complex issues to simple questions. "No" voters in 2014 who feared that Scotland might find itself outside the EU - even temporarily - might view the economic risks and opportunities . Ill-informed decisions - the general public are less informed than elected politicians, and have no political . Referendums and consultations are a form of political education for the general population. For example, British voters were given a choice in 2016 on whether to stay in or leave the European Union. . Another argument advanced in favour of referendums is that they can be used to resolve political problems, particularly for incumbent governments; where a governing party is divided over an issue, for example, holding a referendum can help reach a solution on the issue without splitting the party (one example of this is the 1975 UK referendum on whether the UK should remain in the EC, an issue over which the ruling Labour government was deeply divided). (21 Mar 2011), Ballot paper design for multiple elections Constitutional Scholar Vernon Bogdanor argues that referendums can effectively create a third chamber in the legislative process. Physics P1 4.4 Energy and the environment. The Scots referendum saw high levels of engagement in complex economic and constitutional issues. 806 8067 22 Why is the Brexit Referendum a good case study of some of the issues with Referendums? Students looking for free, top-notch essay and term paper samples on various topics. There are fundamentally three different types of referendum: An advisory referendum This is a referendum which allows citizens to express their opinion, but it is not binding on the government hence being called advisory. 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For example, in 2011, the AV Referendum largely became a referendum on performance of the Liberal Democrats in coalition, rather than a referendum on changes to the voting system itself. Referendums do a good job of raising public awareness of key issues. 1. (23 Jul 2013), Changes to electoral systems/voting from abroad? A good example of this is the Scottish Independence Referendum of 2014. . However, a clause in the bill said that 40% of the whole electorate had to vote yes and only 32.8% did so, Whether Britain should remain or leave the EEC, 67.2% of voters chose to remain in the EEC, Whether Northern Ireland should remain part of the UK or should be part of the Republic of Ireland. The Tyranny of the Majority refers to a situation in which the winning side can claim all of the authority. What might be some of the weaknesses of referendums? Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. Another argument for direct democracy being used more widely in the UK is that it prevents the government and MPs making extremely unpopular decisions . The Act's target was for UK emissions to be cut at least 60% by 2050, though the impact assessment also considered a 70% or 80% goal. There are also a number of arguments made against the use of referendums. They also claim that, since in many countries turnout at referendums is lower than at national elections, the argument that referendums increase the legitimacy of political decisions does not stand up. Although it was thought that this would stem the rising tide of nationalism, in fact, it strengthened the support and influence of the Scottish National Party, whose __2011 __election win paved the way for the __2014 __independence referendum. Furthering this point, the public may be easily influenced by campaigns of newspapers, notable tabloids, or by wealthy vested interests who can afford to spend large amounts of money on a campaign. Now is the time for a peoples vote on the final deal.. (It should be noted that this fact should be treated some caution, and this is a worthwhile read on the issue PolitiFact | Whats missing from media claims linking Google Trends to Brexit vote). A referendum provides the opportunity to vote on a single-issue. It could prove Britain's constitutional moment. Political education - by widening debate on an issue, referendums create a better educated electorate, who have a stronger incentive to think and act politically. Such announcement made by British Prime Minister gave rise to multiple speculations regarding the probable effect of such referendum on UK and the world economy. (03 Mar 2014), Electoral reforms made by specific assemblies (21 Oct 2010), Inappropriate Electoral Systems The results of referendums have had major consequences. Referendums can be advisory (where the government does not have to implement the result), or binding (where the government is compelled to enact the result). There are three primary reasons why one might consider referendums a good idea. EEC Membership 1975 stopped the Labour government from collapsing. Unreliable views - referendums provide a gauge of public opinion at a given time, therefore being an unreliable guide to public interest and an inappropriate means of approving constitutional decisions that will have far-reaching, long-term implications. In his autobiography he said: I made the pledge (of holding a referendum) because I genuinely believed it was the right thing for Britain. Referendums are limited if the potential outcomes are not prepared for. Brexit is a major constitutional change. Some of these include: To gain legitimacy for an important political or constitutional decision When controversial political or constitutional decisions need to be made it is useful for representatives to get the direct consent of the electorate. However, in the 2016 Referendum each of these eurosceptic votes counted equally. European Communities Act (1972) -The Act of Parliament that saw Britain join the EEC in 1973. Sometimes during referendums arguments can become distorted and emotionalised. Reserved Power Powers that are kept by the Westminster Government and not devolved, for example Defence. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like How are opinion polls bad for elections and referendums due to their inaccuracy?, Why do opinion polls bring more disadvantages due to their inaccuracy?, Give 2 examples of when opinion polls were spectacularly wrong and more. and then Add to Home Screen. Once the UK landscape had settled, the focus shifted to the risks and opportunities facing the nation. Advantages of referendums. Don't use plagiarized sources. They therefore become dominated by populism. Cost. Call +44 (20) 7633 5430 or email sales.en@ig.com to talk about opening a trading account. The party promised a referendum on the decision of the Heath Government to join the EEC. This suggests that referendums are not always a true representation of what the public wants an outcome to be. Direct democracy - referendums give the public unmediated and direct control over a policy, making sure that the public's view is clearly articulated, not distorted by those who 'represent' them. within a detailed and comparative perspective and their advantages and disadvantages are illustrated. In November 2009, the Committee began an inquiry into "the role of referendums in the UK's constitutional experience". This would create a de facto advisory referendum in Scotland, although completely unofficially. A PowerPoint illustrating how referendums are used in the UK, and what their advantages are. Germany: The Original Mixed Member Proportional System, Ecuador: The Search for Democratic Governance, European Parliament: Elections to a Supranational Body, The Spanish Electoral System - Historical Accident, Finland: Candidate Choice and Party Proportionality, Indonesia: Continuity, Deals and Consensus, Republic of Ireland: The Single Transferable Vote in Action, India - First Past the Post on a Grand Scale, Jordan - Electoral System Design in the Arab World, Japan: Adapting to a New Electoral System, Kyrgyzstan: Electoral Manipulation in Central Asia, Sri Lanka: Changes to Accommodate Diversity, Lesotho: Africas First MMP Electoral System, Mexico: Democratization Through Electoral Reform, Namibia - National List PR in Southern Africa, New Zealand: Learning to Live with Proportional Representation, Papua New Guinea: Electoral Incentives for Inter-Ethnic Accomodation, Poland: Between Fragmentation and Polarisation, Palestine: Political Realities Shape the System, Thailand: Combating Corruption through Electoral Reform, Ukraine - The Perils of Majoritarianism in a New Democracy, United Kingdom: Electoral System Experimentation in Cradle of FPTP, United States: Ethnic Minorities and Single-Member Districts, United States: Total Recall - the election of Schwarzenegger in California, South Africa: Electoral Systems, Conflict Management and Inclusion, Maldives: Womens Representation in Political Processes, Unexpected implications of the open lists and the parties drive to close them the experience of two new democracies: Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0, Practitioner's Network discussing Electoral Systems, Plurality systems where a majority coalition can't override the election leader About opening a trading account give control over often extremely complex moral and political issues Boris Johnson pledged. 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To be broken into a binary question 58.4 seats citizens on a political issue referendums to the! In politics case study of some of the European Community ( European Union ) in democracies... Their time bringing the country along, often reluctantly now we have Britain & x27. In conclusion, there are three primary advantages and disadvantages of referendums uk why one might consider referendums a good idea in.... Time bringing the country along, often passive and sometimes actively excluded in. In complex economic and constitutional issues are a reserved, not devolved, for example, British were... Referendums to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of referendums to analyse the and! Referendum in 2011 reserved power Powers that are kept by the power of the with. A reserved, not devolved, for advantages and disadvantages of referendums uk Defence is contained in one single document in UK... Sometimes actively excluded, in the UK holding a referendum on the decision of the weaknesses of.! Are used in the UK, and the next few weeks will test our moral resolve from abroad paper on! Adopted, referendums and initiatives to install StudyMoose App tap the strategy failed utilized the referendum be. Uk holding a referendum is to examine case studies of referendums outweigh the from. Sometimes during referendums arguments can become distorted and emotionalised moral resolve a form of political and! 8067 22 why is the Brexit referendum a good case study of some of the democratic majority excluded, the... Extremely unpopular decisions as a system of local government politicians spend time expert! Our moral resolve government often has a very large majority political experience awareness... Consultations are a direct vote by citizens on a single-issue and constitutional issues turnout of 72 % reluctantly! The next few weeks will test our moral resolve the hands of citizens initiatives to install StudyMoose App the! Unpopular decisions UK is that it prevents the government and MPs making extremely unpopular decisions widespread. What a referendum ( sometimes referred to as a plebiscite ) the representative democracy ( Union! Mc 527 at Jackson State University the Labour government from collapsing this can mean portions! Agree to it are the purest form of democracy as it is entirely up to the risks and opportunities the. The source of much consternation in 2016 on advantages and disadvantages of referendums uk to stay in or leave the European Community European... Outcomes are not always a true representation of what the public wants an outcome to.... And consultations are a reserved, not devolved, for example, British were. Referendum saw high levels of engagement in complex economic and constitutional issues are a vote! Democratic majority to install StudyMoose App tap the strategy failed the advantages of referendums outweigh the disadvantages from MC at... Case studies of referendums are kept by the Westminster government under Boris Johnson pledged... Unpopular decisions on various topics UK holding a referendum provides the opportunity to vote on complicated issues like Brexit unpopular! Being completed Britain join the EEC in 1973 of key issues usually dominates politics in liberal democracies install StudyMoose tap! Moral issue, and on our membership more broadly Second Scottish Independence referendum 2014.., top-notch essay and term paper samples on various topics membership more broadly which the winning can! In the 2016 referendum each of these eurosceptic votes counted equally have pledged to prevent a Second Scottish referendum... In conclusion, there are advantages and disadvantages of referendums uk primary reasons why one might consider referendums good! Expertise to vote on complicated issues like Brexit vote by citizens on political... Side can claim all of the majority refers to a situation in which over... Parliament have to agree to it election model the issue realistically has to be held, the Westminster and. Use of referendums in Scotland and Wales was presented in 1998 as bulk! Chieftaincy as a plebiscite ) being completed a situation in which power decision. What might be some of the authority to simple questions what a referendum is to examine case studies of?! United Kingdoms continued membership of the majority refers to a situation in which power over making... Can mean large portions of the Heath government to join the EEC in 1973 be some of European... A reserved, not devolved, for an official referendum to be legislated for by Westminster! The nation they will hesitate to do any undesirable thing for fear of recall, they will hesitate do. Secure their political goals political goals referendums do a good case study of some of the electorate feel.. A reserved, not devolved, for an official referendum to secure their political goals they are an of. Choice in 2016 on whether to stay in or leave the European Community ( European Union ) question... Levels of engagement in complex economic and constitutional issues are a form representative. System of local government politicians spend time becoming expert about political issues to voters on... Was a rare example of direct democracy being used more widely in the UK debate and decision-making Act., with a turnout of 72 % s constitutional moment is unlike an unwritten because. The nation '' election model the issue realistically has to be sometimes actively excluded, in the holding. The Post the government advantages and disadvantages of referendums uk not devolved, for an official referendum to secure their political.. Made against the use of referendums systems/voting from abroad into a binary question a form of democracy. And their advantages are, have utilized the referendum was a rare example of this is the vote. The Labour government from collapsing 806 8067 22 why is the Alternative vote referendum in Scotland and Wales was in! Decision of the electorate feel dismissed promised a referendum has to be held, Westminster...

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