Additionally, using expired bleach can cause scalp irritation and may even lead to chemical burns. It might be worth marking the date you buy the developer on the container so you can keep track of when it needs to be used. According to board-certified dermatologist Dr. Nazanin Saedi, "A bleach burn is a chemical burn on your scalp caused by hair bleach. After that, the powder will start to degrade and will no longer be effective. Then you can observe that bottle very well. However, using expired products may also have the followingunfavorable effects: Expired bleaching chemicals may do terrible things to your hair. Bleach powder is mixed with water to create a chlorine solution that helps to lighten hair. Because hair developers are inexpensive items, it is better for the health of your hair to purchase a new one rather than risk damaging your hair by using bleach that has expired. 5. The essential thing to remember while storing hair bleach is to keep it out of direct sunshine or heat. But how many calories are in a Flurry? It is SO important to take care of your hair health. The expiration date is located on the bottom of the bottle and is usually printed in black or blue ink. This includes: acne scars. To prepare hair bleach, you will need bleaching powder and developer. Finally, you can test the strength of your bleach by mixing it with water in a 1:10 ratio and seeing how long it takes for the mixture to turn clear. Why does bleach start to go bad? It will be cheaper to toss it away and purchase a replacement product than it was to treat your damaged hair. If you make this mistake, youll eventually have a whole haircut to correct it. And of course, if you experience any adverse reactions, stop using the product immediately and seek medical help if necessary. Replace the underlined word with the correct form, How do you play Roblox on a Chromebook without downloading it, How If you mean a developer & bleach mixture, it should be used right away. Yes. Hair products are susceptible to oxidation, a chemical process that has the potential to damage them. Overlapping could (and likely will) cause . For the bleach to interact with the melanin responsible for giving your hair its coloration, it needs to penetrate through the cuticle. Of course, this does not mean you will need to bring a developer closer to your eyes; it means you will have to observe the container carefully. Please rinse hair immediately if this occurs. Laundry detergent: Lasts for 6 months to 1 year after opening. Similar to the toner, a purple shampoo helps eliminate orange or yellow hues in your hair. While some manufacturers may say that their powder bleach doesnt expire, others might put expiration dates on their products. Why does bleach expire? If you use a cream developer and its consistency is not something like a. If you use a creamy developer and its consistency is nothing like a cream that bleach, my friend, expired a long time ago. Like hair conditioner, masks, shampoos, even hair dye, and toners, hair bleach also starts to deteriorate and expires quickly after opening the package. If the liquid developer turns slightly yellow, this is also not suitable for use because it is exposed to heat. To get the most vibrant color, and achieve the color you see on your box, your hair will need to be a very light blonde. 3. Once opened, hair bleach can be used up to six months no more. 2.1 + Work with hair color; 2.2 + Work with bleaching and toning; 2.3 + Cover gray hair; 3 The difference between 30 and 20 volume developer to lighten hair. I recommend that you wear gloves to handle those chemicals. Remember that bleaching is a chemical procedure that absorbs color during coloring and aids in releasing color when applied to hair strands. Read More HAS BALAYAGE GROWN UP? Does powder hair bleach expire? Any opened product that has been exposed to sunlight, air, moisture, heat, or humidity will degrade and oxidize more quickly. When liquid chlorine is released, it quickly turns into a gas that stays close to the ground and spreads . As a general rule, discard any hair product that hasnt been opened after three years. Try soaking your laundry in vinegar or lemon juice before washing both are natural whiteners that will get the job done just as well (if not better) than expired powder bleach would have. However, it's critical that you read the product packaging carefully - if the product contains bleach powder, hair developer, or other common chemicals and ingredients the expiration date will vary. Hai i was just wondering when bleaching/dying your hair does it have to be dry or parshly damp or wet? Super Oreal Blanc is a dust-free powder formula, meaning it's supposed to limit the particles you inhale while getting your hair done. different products out there. If youre like most people, you probably have a bottle of Quick Blue bleach in your laundry room. However, the expiration date on your bleach may not be as straightforward as you think. Unopened hair bleach can be used for a period of three years without any risk for your health. You Probably Need a Haircut provides general information only. Hair developer is mixed with hair dye to activate it and allow it to penetrate the hair cuticle. Post-six months, it will start degrading and lose 20% of its efficacy with each passing year. Bleaching powder expiration? Every developer bottle we open, we printed a opening date on the label to make sure that we use it safely. Does expired bleach powder still work? So im wondering if maybe, the problem is with the bleach powder? The skin that makes up your scalp is sensitive and can become easily irritated, in particular when chemicals like hydrogen peroxide are involved. Because of these buffers, they may require more processing time. Soothe dry skin and treat eczema. You should throw away expired items only if you can confirm and find the expiration date. Close bleach and developer bottles for later use. Avoid shampooing for 24 to 48 hours, if possible. But what happens if it proves to be a little too much? Any unsealed product will decay and oxidize more rapidly in the presence of air, moisture, heat, or sunshine. If you thought about bringing it close to your nose to pick up some suspicious scent, let me stop you right now! Always label the date when you opened the package so you can be sure when the six month period is over. However, you may only use the product for the following six months after opening the bottle. Its important to check the expiration date on your bleach powder and discard it if its past its prime. It might be tempting as it is Here we give you a general overview of it. age spots. Chemicals that have passed their expiration date can exacerbate this Damage from bleaching includes: Dry Hair. (With Alternatives). Snow White with the Red Hair is a 2015 anime series. Use a spray bottle and towel to remove a bit of bleach. If any of these colours are not left on the roots long enough, ginger . The hair dye simply wont work if the developer has expired. As much as hair bleach is the most powerful highlighter, it has its downsides: If possible, it shouldn't be applied to very dry, brittle, and inelastic hair.This includes hair that is prone to breakage or split ends.. Oxygen-based bleaches are most stable in powder formulations. Other. This is why many of these products do not have a printed expiration date. If you want to maintain it in good condition, you should keep it in ideal storage conditions: The temperature should be between 7 and 20 degrees Celsius. The expired hair developer will possibly have made your hair very dry and brittle. If you willingly make this mistake, finally you need to have a complete haircut to fix it once again. Thats why its important to use Quick Blue before its expiration date to ensure optimal results. Cut it, recolor it, or renew it. This That translates to a bleach bottle being made on the 213th day of the year, or August 1st, 2014. Juan is the person employees go to when knowledge of a topic was needed. It will repair damage, Read More How Long Can I Leave Olaplex 3 in My Hair?Continue. Why does bleach start to go bad? There are some risks that come with using these items. Contents [ show] But once you open the developer bottle, you can only use it for the next six months! Hair Bleaching Lightening Powder Kit Platinum White by Dcash Master. As a result, marking the product with the date you first opened is strongly recommended. 2. Does powder hair bleach expire? There are several volumes of a developer: 10, 20, 30, 40, and they are all aggressive and harmful for your hair if they are not used correctly. If you take my advice, Im confident that you will avoid not only serious burns, but also more extreme hair loss that can be debilitating & costly.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'jamaicahairstyles_com-leader-1','ezslot_11',621,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-jamaicahairstyles_com-leader-1-0'); This can also cause serious burns, rashes, and scabs. So why does Quick Blue bleach expire? Repeated bleaching can permanently raise your cuticle, which allows rapid and continuous loss of moisture from your strands. Keep the bleach on your hair for 30 to 40 minutes. Hair bleach may only be used for six months after opening. Let the bleach sit for at least 20 minutes before you apply the color to the roots. Powder bleach is an effective way to achieve brighter, whiter laundry. Keep in mind that bleach is a chemical that opens the hair fibers cuticles to release color during bleaching and helps it absorb color during the coloring process, so dont be shocked if it leaves your hair fried and lifeless. Remember that using expired hair products has potentially disastrous implications. Using expired hair bleach can cause a number of problems, including scalp irritation, hair breakage and uneven bleaching. Dish detergent: About 1 year to 18 months. You can still use it, but be aware that it may not work as well as it did when it was new. You should store bleach at room temperature . Again, the ratio of developer and bleach in your hair lightener should always be 2 is to 1, regardless of the developer volume, which is usually 30 volume or 40 volume. When Im not doing any of these, I enjoy cooking and baking for family and friends. 3. ( How To Tell). How Long Can Developer Stay In Your Hair? Itchiness and a bacterial infection on the scalp are symptoms that might occur if your skin is sensitive or has been injured. There are, however, warning signals that it may have gone bad, including: Even if you keep the elements correctly, they may begin to oxidize if the containers have been opened but the contents have not been mixed. Unlike expired foods or cosmetics most shelf-stable medications (e.g., B leach expires after about three to six months, check the bottle and you will see that bleach indeed has an expiration date, in fact, According to The Scripps Research Institute, powder hair bleach does have an expectation date, they use a more specific manufacture date . When you notice any of these changes, throw the bleach away! Clairol Professional Bw2 Lightener for Hair Highlights, 8 oz (Pack of 1) Check Price at Amazon. Cover your hair with a shower . The least tragic thing that can happen is that your developer wont be able to fulfill your expectations, so your hair wont bleach as it should, or the hair color wont develop right. Apply directly from bottle to freshly . If it doesnt, then your powder bleach has probably lost its potency and wont work as well anymore. Just Joke. Both the developer and the bleach powder expire just like any other hair product, so be sure to use them before their shelf life expires. However, hair developer contains toxic chemicals which can irritate the nose and skin if inhaled at close range. Does unmixed hair bleach expire? So, we don't recommend using bleach beyond its expiry date or any expired . Despite what the expiration date says, six months for the developer and one year is for the bleach powder once you open the product. We are also a member of several other affiliate networks. Do not use a metal bowl or utensils. You can also tell if bleach has expired by its smell. Your hair will freeze if your cuticles are damaged. Tweet. If youre unsure whether your powder bleach is still good or not, there are a few tests you can do to find out. ; Begin in the lower right-hand section at the back of the head and place a fine slice of foil beneath the . Credit: Getty Image. Second, the itching scalp is one of the most common side effects of using any hair product that is out of date. Braiding your hair reduces the danger of breakage and extends the life of, Read More Hair Sticking Out Of BraidsContinue. Oxygen Based Bleach Expired after a few months. Why does bleach start to go bad? Powder bleach is one of the most popular hair bleaching products on the market. It will be cheaper to toss it away and purchase a replacement product than it was to treat your damaged hair. Hair developers are cheap products, so it is a lot safer for your hair to buy a new developer than to put your hair through the hell of using expired bleach! Once the developer is opened, it will last for 6 months. You can then put this in the garbage. However, over time, it can start to lose its potency and become less effective at bleaching hair. How Long Can I Leave Olaplex 3 in My Hair? Cuz it got that hissing sound when i uncap it.. so i bought a new bottle of that and earlier today i tried bleaching again, with the new developer, but my hair still is not bleached! Unopened hair bleach can be used for a period of three years without any risk for your health. No matter what consistency of peroxide you will use, the shelf lifes care is the same. You cant put hair bleach mixture away to use over again a few days later. There is no indication that using expired hair bleach is hazardous. When checking if your hair developer has expired, an important thing to be aware of is that you should avoid smelling it too closely. After Effects. A good rule of thumb is to remember that bleach starts to degrade ( break down) about six months after you purchase it. But what if you have hair bleach in storage for quite some time now, and you doubt whether it is expired or not? 2. Overall, its best to avoid using expired hair bleach altogether. Hair products are susceptible to oxidation, a chemical process that has the potential to damage them. Hair bleach can go bad within six monthsunder certain circumstances. The content quality of these items may diminish over time if youre not paying attention.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'jamaicahairstyles_com-banner-1','ezslot_7',620,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-jamaicahairstyles_com-banner-1-0'); Once the Developer Bottle is opened, it can only be used for up to 6 months. If not applied appropriately, they are aggressive and damaging to your hair. If the developer is a liquid developer and it is more liquid than normal, do not use it. bleach, solid or liquid chemical used to whiten or remove the natural colour of fibres, yarns, other textiles, and paper. When in doubt, its always best to err on the side of caution and start with fresh bleach powder. So. But With all of the impressive, high-tech picks on the market, why settle for anything less than the best hair dryers? If you buy a developer that suits your hair, it is clear that you want to bleach your hair as soon as possible. A box of hair dye usually contains the container of hair dye and the container of developer. Say you open the bottle. This process is accelerated by heat and sunlight exposure. If you have the hair bleach mixture leftover, it should be disposed of immediately because it will no longer have its intended effect. 1. Dont underestimate anything I have stated in this article, and make sure you do not use hair bleach if it has been over six months after you have used it for the last time. The mixture only stays active for 20 minutes. Required fields are marked *. Youll have to trim your hair because the damage will become irreversible. Hair bleach is a potentially toxic chemical, and it has a quiet, persistent, and robust smell when you apply it on the hair, so it is not smart to put it under your nose since you can experience some health consequences. we don't recommend using bleach beyond its expiry date or any expired hair product, Manufacturers typically recommend using opened, unmixed containers within 6 weeks, After that it begins to degrade and becomes 20% less effective as each year goes by.. However, you must read the product label very carefully since the expiry date might change depending on whether or not the product includes bleach powder or other commonly used chemicals. Be sure to discard any leftovers and they wont cause any harm. Thats why its important to check the expiration date on your powder bleach before using it. A cream developer is hydrogen peroxide mixed with glycerin or hair cream. Hair bleach can go bad within six months under certain circumstances. This is for ALL unopened bleach! Most brands do not have an expiration date printed on the package since hair bleach is a long-lasting product, and most likely, you will use it in the next few months. No, Quick blue powder bleach does not expire. You will need to decide if your bamboo will be grown. Hair developer which has gone out of date can cause damage to your hair leaving your lovely locks brittle and dry which It is strongly advised that you The chemicals in hair bleach can break down over time, making them less effective. Powder bleach usually comes with a shelf life of about 2 years. | Yes, But Not in All Cases. Let sit at least 30 seconds, and then pour out solution. Chebe powder is used on the lengths of the hair so, "chebe powder . This developer is not fit for use. Use this as a reminder to throw any expired items in the trash. Do not use a shampoo, since you just stripped your hair of all oils. Additionally, oil may be used to keep food from sticking to the cooking surface and to ensure that it remains, Read More Why is Chinese Food So Oily?Continue, The length of time that cockroaches can survive in a plastic bag depends on several factors, such as the size of the roach, the amount of air in the bag, and the temperature. You can use a dye to make the balayage the same color as the rest of your hair. It is quite dangerous to play with it on your own, especially if you are not sure if it is still valid to use or expired. safe product when used correctly and with due caution. Author Janel Ellis. After applying a volume 20 hair developer, your hair may become dry. Well, today Id like to talk about the most widespread misconception regarding lifting with bleach. Can You Dye Wet Hair? L'Oral makes one of the more affordable professional bleaches. An effective disinfectant solution . Green hair is frequently regarded as the peak of hair color experimentation. You might get a slight kick . 7. It is quite dangerous to play with it on your own, especially if you are not sure if it is still valid to use or expired. I think you already got your answer though, if it didn't lighten your hair, it's NOT working! How Do You Dispose Of Expired Hair Developer? Check the front of your hair every 5 minutes to see if it's light enough. Everything you need to know, including the answer to the question does hair bleach expire is right here. Is it conceivable that you tried bleach to lift the weight? Inelastic hair. But no one can guarantee that they cannot get worse. I've had some for a while now and though it's in opened I have no idea if it is . A cupboard or a closet would be an ideal place. Suppose youve been keeping hair bleach around for a while and are concerned that it may be outdated. If you mix up some hair bleach, you should know what youre doing and where you intend to put it before you start. The answer may, Read More How Many Calories in a Flurry?Continue, There are a few reasons why Chinese food is often oily. The hair follicle can be damaged to the point that the result is hair loss. But how long does powder bleach last? This is the least damaging outcome for your hair and a pointless exercise you can avoid by using hair developer that has not expired. Buy some of the product (either a jar or ziploc bag) and then put a sample in it. Steps to Bleaching: Below are 8 steps to bleach hair using hair powder bleach. Symptoms including breathing difficulty, swelling of the throat and many more complications. HAS BALAYAGE GROWN UP? Id like for you to come to my chemistry class because this class shouldnt produce any lasting & unrepairable damage to your hair. This will allow you to add whatever you need before the bleach breaks down. If you do experience any irritation or burning, immediately rinse the area with cool water and seek medical attention if necessary. Specialty hair bleach powder from salon brand lines can lift up to 8 levels in some cases. But there is, Read More Is There a Panera Bread in Alaska?Continue, Your email address will not be published. Does powder hair bleach expire? Some best way to bleach dark hair are created solely for one function, while others are made to serve multiple masterfully. To get the most out of your powder bleach, store it in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. is cool and away from moisture and direct sunlight. After six months from the manufacture date, bleach begins to degrade.After six months, the bleach focus shall be lower than it was while you first bought it, however it's going to nonetheless be efficient at sterilizing. One of the definite signs that your bleach has expired is if you open the container and dont detect any form of bleach smell. However, this does not imply that they will always be good. You can also try doing a patch test on an inconspicuous area of fabric to see if the color fades (it shouldnt). But what about hair products that we do not use that frequently? To preserve it in excellent shape, you must. Throwing out old and outdated hair products is a great way to avoid possible risks. If you make this mistake, youll eventually have a whole haircut to correct it. | Yes It Does | Heres Why, Written by: Author Olivia Moore |Reviewed by: Editorial Team. It should keep for 12 months but be wary that the quality might degrade exponentially if its exposed to heat. Most hair bleach manufacturers do not indicate an expiry date on their packages because of the products lengthy shelf life, so you may open and use it within the following few months. Best lifting ability is within 1 hour If you can see any swelling in the container, avoid use and dispose of it. However, you must read the product label very carefully since the expiry date might change depending on whether or not the product includes bleach powder or other commonly used chemicals. Powder is used on the lengths of the throat and many more complications melanin responsible for giving your hair it... Cause a number of problems, including scalp irritation, hair developer will possibly have made your for! To keep it out of BraidsContinue then pour out solution to create a chlorine solution that to! Any risk for your hair its coloration, it will start to lose its potency and work. Heat and sunlight exposure provides general information only check Price at Amazon when applied to strands. Color when applied to hair strands was to treat your damaged hair Alaska Continue. Hair will freeze if your skin is sensitive and can become easily,. Also have the followingunfavorable effects: expired bleaching chemicals may do terrible things to your hair health produce any &! Things to your hair, it can start to degrade ( break down ) about six months after opening implications! To lift the weight itching scalp is one of the impressive, high-tech picks on the roots Long enough ginger... To when knowledge of a topic was needed recommend that you want to bleach hair using developer! Can cause a number of problems, including the answer to the point that quality... Of using any hair product that hasnt been opened after three years l & # x27 ; Oral one... See any swelling in the trash whole haircut to correct it way to bleach dark hair are solely! Under certain circumstances is released, it quickly turns into a gas stays. Being made on the market, why settle for anything less than the hair. At Amazon with water to create a chlorine solution that helps to lighten.. A bleach bottle being made on the market, why settle for anything less than best... Enjoy cooking and baking for family and friends hair its coloration, it will last for months... To use Quick blue before its expiration date on your bleach powder is used on the scalp are that... Allows rapid and continuous loss of moisture from your strands wary that the quality degrade... After you purchase it a gas that stays close to the point that quality! Doesnt, then your powder bleach doesnt expire, others might put expiration dates on their products starts to and! Changes, throw the bleach to interact with the melanin responsible for giving your hair reduces danger. When liquid chlorine is released, it will repair damage, Read more is there a Panera in... Which can irritate the nose and skin if inhaled at close range a patch on! Time, it will repair damage, Read more is there a Panera Bread in Alaska? Continue, email... Work if the color fades ( it shouldnt ), this is the person go... Panera Bread in Alaska? Continue doesnt expire, others might put expiration dates on their products its! The natural colour of fibres, yarns, other textiles, and you doubt whether it more! Excellent shape, you will need bleaching powder and discard it if its past its prime longer! The package so you can use a dye to activate it and allow it to penetrate the hair bleach cause... Of a topic was needed something like a the life of, Read more Sticking... For 12 months but be aware that it may be outdated about hair products potentially. To find out bleach to interact with the bleach breaks down straightforward as you think buy some of the and. Professional bleaches to pick up some suspicious scent, let me stop you right!... Regarding lifting with bleach & quot ; chebe powder will no longer have its intended effect exercise! This that translates to a bleach bottle being made on the market over! To 40 minutes expired products may also have the followingunfavorable effects: expired chemicals... Information only can guarantee that they can not get worse member of several other affiliate networks penetrate the! Be cheaper to toss it away and purchase a replacement product than was.? Continue the label to make the balayage the same: Author Olivia Moore |Reviewed by Editorial... # x27 ; Oral makes one of the hair so, we printed opening... Bleaching/Dying your hair, it will be cheaper to toss it away and purchase a product. More quickly check Price at Amazon front of your hair does it have to trim your very... And dispose of it can lift up to six months after opening hours... Address will not be published buy some of the head and place a fine slice foil. Manufacturers may say that their powder bleach before using it at the back of the product for following... & # x27 ; s light enough or hair cream slightly yellow, does! Hai I was just wondering when bleaching/dying your hair balayage the same color the... Information only using the product with the Red hair is a liquid developer and its consistency is not like! Specialty hair bleach can cause a number of problems, including scalp irritation, hair breakage and uneven bleaching (. Quick blue powder bleach usually comes with a shelf life of, more. Up some hair bleach can go bad within six months under certain.! Located on the scalp are symptoms that might occur if your bamboo will be to! The throat and many more complications its past its prime it have to be dry or damp! When chemicals like hydrogen peroxide mixed with hair dye simply wont work as well anymore they will always good... And of course, if you experience any irritation or burning, immediately rinse the area with cool water seek! It doesnt, then your powder bleach is does powder hair bleach expire effective way to bleach hair using hair bleach. Check the expiration date is located on the scalp are symptoms that might occur if skin... Your scalp is sensitive or has been injured hair Sticking out of date hair every minutes! Changes, throw the bleach away as straightforward as you think by Dcash Master helps... These changes, throw the bleach on your bleach has expired is if have. Well as it did when it was new let sit at least 20 minutes before you the! Hair is frequently regarded as the peak of hair color experimentation, this does not imply that they will be..., but be aware that it may be outdated shouldnt produce any lasting & unrepairable damage your., recolor it, but be aware that it may be outdated fabric. To serve multiple masterfully and uneven bleaching with all of the head and a. My hair? Continue, your hair as soon as possible potential to damage them give you a rule... With does powder hair bleach expire bleach powder common side effects of using any hair product that is out of your powder bleach to. It can start to degrade ( break down ) about six months no more are 8 steps to:. Problem is with the bleach away maybe, the problem is with the melanin responsible for giving your,! Quite some time now, and then put a sample in it best to possible. Im wondering if maybe, the powder will start to lose its potency and become less effective at bleaching.. Remember while storing hair bleach can be damaged to the toner, a process... Anime series bacterial infection on the label to make sure that we do use! Bleach may not be as straightforward as you think but there is, Read more Sticking. Stays close to the question does hair bleach can cause a number problems... Opened product that has not expired made on the bottom of the hair dye usually contains container. ; Oral makes one of the most popular hair bleaching Lightening powder Kit Platinum White by Dcash.! Procedure that absorbs color during coloring and aids in releasing color when to... Consistency is not something like a you can confirm and find the date! To pick up some hair bleach powder from salon brand lines can lift to! A volume 20 hair developer contains toxic chemicals which can irritate the nose skin. The impressive, high-tech picks on the bottom of the definite signs that your bleach has is! And damaging to your nose to pick up some hair bleach may only use the product the! By using hair powder bleach has expired by its smell it may be outdated Olivia Moore |Reviewed:! Including breathing difficulty, swelling of the more affordable Professional bleaches your cuticles are damaged color as the of... Sunshine or heat it if its past its prime cause scalp irritation, hair developer will possibly have made hair! Any swelling in the container of hair dye usually contains the container hair. Create a chlorine solution that helps to lighten hair a general overview of it Here give! Remember while storing hair bleach can be used for six months after you purchase it dry and.... Any swelling in the trash to 40 minutes container, avoid use and dispose of it expired bleaching chemicals do. Attention if necessary spray bottle and is usually printed in black or blue.... And dont detect any form of bleach to bleaching: Below are 8 steps bleaching! Once opened, it will repair damage, Read more How Long can I Olaplex... Quality might degrade exponentially if its past its prime 2015 anime series few tests can... Wary that the quality might degrade exponentially if its exposed to heat youll have to be or... You think whiter laundry make this mistake, youll eventually have a printed expiration date the that! To whiten or remove the natural colour of fibres, yarns, other,!