(e) No cell used to house prisoners in segregated housing should be smaller than 80 square feet, and cells should be designed to permit prisoners assigned to them to converse with and be observed by staff. In a prison, the chief executive officer is the person usually termed the warden; in a jail, the chief executive officer might be a sheriff, or might have a title such as superintendent, jailer, or commander. Modifications are not required if they would pose an undue burden to the facility, cause a fundamental alteration to a program, or pose a direct threat of substantial harm to the health and safety of the prisoner or others. (c) Correctional administrators and officials should provide specialized training to staff who work with specific types of prisoners to address the physical, social, and psychological needs of such prisoners, including female prisoners, prisoners who face language or communication barriers or have physical or mental disabilities, prisoners who are under the age of eighteen or geriatric, and prisoners who are serving long sentences or are assigned to segregated housing for extended periods of time. (a) Correctional officials should implement procedures to identify prisoners at risk for suicide and to intervene to prevent suicides. Control techniques should be intended to minimize injuries to both prisoners and staff. Unless a dental emergency requires more immediate attention, a dental examination by a dentist or trained personnel directed by a dentist should be conducted within [90 days] of admission if the prisoners confinement may exceed one year, and annually thereafter. (j) Governmental authorities should provide sufficient resources to implement these Standards. (iv) review all records, except that special procedures may be implemented for highly confidential information. (xi) preventing idleness by providing constructive activities for all prisoners as provided in Standards 23-8.2 and 23-8.4. (e) Any examination of a transgender prisoner to determine that prisoners genital status should be performed in private by a qualified medical professional, and only if the prisoners genital status is unknown to the correctional agency. A final determination of serious misconduct involving a prisoner should result in termination of the employment of the staff member and should be reported to relevant law enforcement and licensing agencies. Correctional authorities should be permitted to require prisoners able to perform cleaning tasks to do so, with necessary materials and equipment provided to them regularly and without charge. (c) Correctional administrators and officials should strive to employ a work force at each correctional facility that reasonably reflects the racial and ethnic demographics of the prisoner population by engaging in outreach and recruiting efforts to increase the pool of qualified applicants from underrepresented groups and by implementing appropriate retention policies. (g) Courts should be permitted to implement rules to protect defendants and courts from vexatious litigation, but governmental authorities should not retaliate against a prisoner who brings an action in court or otherwise exercises a legal right. Correctional authorities should offer prisoners expected to be incarcerated for more than six months additional educational programs designed to meet those prisoners individual needs. (d) Correctional officials should minimize technical requirements for grievances and should allow prisoners to initiate the grievance process by describing briefly the nature of the complaint and the remedy sought. Reasonable steps should be taken during movement to protect restrained prisoners from accidental injury. (c) The handbook should contain specific criteria and procedures for discipline and classification decisions, including decisions involving security status and work and housing assignments. In an emergency, or when necessary in a facility in which health care staff are available only part-time, medically trained correctional staff should be permitted to administer prescription drugs at the direction of qualified health care professionals. (d) At intervals not to exceed [90 days], a full classification review involving a meeting of the prisoner and the specialized classification committee should occur to determine whether the prisoners progress toward compliance with the individual plan required by subdivision (b) of this Standard or other circumstances warrant a reduction of restrictions, increased programming, or a return to a lower level of custody. (e) For a convicted prisoner, loss of liberty and separation from society should be the sole punishments imposed by imprisonment. Prisoners should be allowed to receive any visitor not excluded by correctional officials for good cause. The record should identify the circumstances of the search, the persons who conducted the search, any staff who are witnesses, and any confiscated materials. When a prisoner and infant are separated, the prisoner should be provided with counseling and other mental health support. (c) Correctional authorities should minimize the extent to which vulnerable prisoners needing protection are subjected to rules and conditions a reasonable person would experience as punitive. (a) Correctional authorities should provide prisoners living quarters of adequate size. It includes the status of being actively suicidal; severe cognitive disorders that result in significant functional impairment; and severe personality disorders that result in significant functional impairment and are marked by frequent episodes of psychosis, depression, or self-injurious behavior. Correctional authorities should safely accommodate prisoners who are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illness or infectious disease, or are otherwise medically vulnerable. (e) Correctional officials should be permitted to contract with private enterprises to establish industrial and service programs to employ prisoners within a correctional facility, and goods and services produced should be permitted to freely enter interstate commerce. (a) Where consistent with applicable law, correctional authorities should be permitted to release without a prisoners consent basic identifying information about the prisoner and information about the prisoners crime of conviction, sentence, place of incarceration, and release date. (b) Prison officials should provide programs for the education and training of prisoners who can help other prisoners with legal matters. (b) Information about a prisoners health condition should not be disclosed to other prisoners. (b) Correctional officials should implement procedures for identifying those prisoners who are particularly vulnerable to physical or sexual abuse, manipulation, or psychologically harmful verbal abuse by other prisoners or by staff, and for protecting these and other prisoners who request and need protection. which of the following is NOT one of the 3 steps most corrections systems use when handling the inmate grievance process? (b) Correctional administrators and officials should implement recruitment and selection processes that will ensure that staff are professionally qualified, psychologically fit to work with prisoners, and certified or licensed as appropriate. (d) When a prisoner dies, correctional officials should promptly notify the jurisdictions medical examiner of the death and its circumstances; the medical examiner should decide whether an autopsy should be conducted. (c) Prisoners should work under health and safety conditions substantially the same as those that prevail in similar types of employment in the free community, except to the extent that security requires otherwise. (d) When a prisoner with ongoing medical or mental health care needs is released to the community, correctional authorities should make reasonable efforts to: (i) identify and arrange for community-based health care services, including substance abuse treatment; and. (a) To the extent practicable and consistent with prisoner and staff safety, correctional authorities should minimize the periods during the day in which prisoners are required to remain in their cells. Access to these legal resources should be provided either in a law library or in electronic form, and should be available even to those prisoners who have access to legal services. (a) Correctional authorities should maintain living quarters and associated common areas in a sanitary condition. Such a prisoner should have the opportunity to earn an equal amount of good conduct time credit for participating in alternative activities. (b) Prisoners access to the judicial process should not be restricted by the nature of the action or the relief sought, the phase of litigation involved, or the likelihood of success of the action, except if like restrictions, including filing fees, are imposed on non-prisoners. (e) Correctional authorities should be permitted to use canines inside the secure perimeter of a correctional facility only for searches and, except in emergencies, only if prisoners have been moved away from the area to be searched. Any claim that a prisoner is refusing treatment for a serious medical or mental health condition should be investigated by a qualified health care professional to ensure that the refusal is informed and voluntary, and not the result of miscommunication or misunderstanding. No prisoner should be subjected to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or conditions. (b) A prisoner with a criminal charge or removal action pending should be housed in a correctional facility sufficiently near the courthouse where the case will be heard that the preparation of the prisoners defense is not unreasonably impaired. (g) Correctional officials should implement internal processes for continually assessing and improving each correctional facility. In no instance should a prisoner administer prescription drugs to another prisoner. (e) Correctional authorities should not read, censor, alter, or destroy a prisoners legal materials. (b) A correctional agency should designate an internal unit, answerable to the head of the agency, to be responsible for investigating allegations of serious staff misconduct, including misconduct against prisoners, and for referring appropriate cases for administrative disciplinary measures or criminal prosecution. Prisoners should be entitled to observe special religious practices, including fasting and special dining hours. (iv) assertions of a defense to any action brought against them. (d) The location and storage of firearms should be strictly regulated. (b) If necessary for an investigation or the reasonable needs of law enforcement or prosecuting authorities, correctional authorities should be permitted to confine a prisoner under investigation for possible criminal violations in segregated housing for a period no more than [30 days]. (k) If governmental authorities elect to furnish prisoners any services by contracting with private providers, those contracted services should comply with these Standards, and the correctional agency should monitor and ensure such compliance, and should be held accountable for doing so. Such investigation should take place for every use of force incident that results in a death or major traumatic injury to a prisoner or to staff. (d) The term correctional authorities means all correctional staff, officials, and administrators. Correctional authorities should memorialize and facilitate review of uses of force. (d) Governmental authorities should ensure that no birth certificate states that a child was born in a correctional facility. (b) Correctional officials should implement a protocol for identifying and managing prisoners whose behavior is indicative of mental illness, mental retardation, or other cognitive impairments. (c) Pat-down searches and other clothed body searches should be brief and avoid unnecessary force, embarrassment, and indignity to the prisoner. Correctional authorities should video and audio record every planned or anticipated use of force from the initiation of the action, and should begin recording any other use of force incident as soon as practicable after the incident starts. (b) Governmental authorities should authorize and fund an official or officials independent of each correctional agency to investigate the acts of correctional authorities, allegations of mistreatment of prisoners, and complaints about conditions in correctional facilities, including complaints by prisoners, their families, and members of the community, and to refer appropriate cases for administrative disciplinary measures or criminal prosecutions. Each prisoner should have or be provided with transportation to the prisoners reasonable destination and with contact information for all relevant community service providers. (b) No prisoner under the age of eighteen should be housed in an adult correctional facility. (f) Correctional officials should not use a lockdown to substitute for disciplinary sanctions or for reclassification of prisoners. Correctional authorities should begin to plan for each prisoners eventual release and reintegration into the community from the time of that prisoners admission into the correctional system and facility. (b) Correctional agency policies and procedures should authorize the use of deadly force only by security personnel trained in the use of deadly force, and only in a situation when correctional authorities reasonably believe that deadly force is necessary to prevent imminent death or serious bodily harm or to prevent an escape from a secure correctional facility, subject to the qualification in subdivision (c) of this Standard. Government-funded legal services organizations should be permitted to provide legal services to prisoners without limitation as to the subject matter or the nature of the relief sought. (c) Regardless of any training a prisoner may have had, no prisoner should be allowed to provide health care evaluation or treatment to any other prisoner. Correctional authorities should offer high school equivalency classes, post-secondary education, apprenticeships, and similar programs designed to facilitate re-entry into the workforce upon release. (b) Prisoners should not be charged fees for necessary health care. (a) A correctional agency and facility should be appropriately staffed to promote safety for all staff and prisoners and allow the full operation of all programs and services and a reasonable work schedule for each staff member. (c) Correctional authorities should be permitted to monitor or record telephonic communications subject to the restrictions set forth in these Standards relating to communications with counsel and confidential communications with external monitoring agencies. (a) Prisoners health care records should: (i) be compiled, maintained, and retained in accordance with accepted health care practice and standards; (ii) not include criminal or disciplinary records unless a qualified health care professional finds such records relevant to the prisoners health care evaluation or treatment; (iii) be maintained in a confidential and secure manner, separately from non-health-care files; (iv) accompany a prisoner to every facility to which the prisoner is transferred; and. Pretrial detainees should be allowed visiting opportunities beyond those afforded convicted prisoners, subject only to reasonable institutional restrictions and physical plant constraints. (d) When practicable, before using either chemical agents or electronic weaponry against a prisoner, staff should determine whether the prisoner has any contraindicating medical conditions, including mental illness and intoxication, and make a contemporaneous record of this determination. (g) If practicable, staff should seek intervention and advice from a qualified mental health professional prior to a planned or predictable use of force against a prisoner who has a history of mental illness or who is exhibiting behaviors commonly associated with mental illness. (d) The monitoring agency should continue to assess and report on previously identified problems and the progress made in resolving them until the problems are resolved. (d) The right of access to counsel described in subdivisions (a) and (c) of this Standard should apply in connection with all legal matters, regardless of the type or subject matter of the representation or whether litigation is pending or the representation has commenced. 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